Planning with U.S. state data and USD. Translations do not change the market or currency.
Panel count estimate
Use monthly usage or electric bill to estimate a practical solar panel count for your home.
Use the DC capacity from a proposal or sizing calculation, then compare the module wattages available to you.
Editable example — calculate with your inputs
Calculation: Panel count = ceil(target DC kW × 1,000 ÷ panel watts). Installed DC capacity = count × panel watts ÷ 1,000.
Rounding up meets the capacity target numerically. It does not establish roof fit, inverter compatibility or annual energy production. Compare module dimensions in the roof-area tool.
Review one assumption at a time. Each tool explains its inputs and limits; a planning result is not a roof design or installer quote.
Reference inputs for the editable examples: California production model (2026-11-02); cost snapshot and range (2026-10-25). Roof dimensions and additional costs are author examples.
No email required
Enter monthly kWh or electric bill. The calculator uses state-level assumptions and shows the math behind the result.
Your estimate
Example resultEstimated system size: 6.8 kW. This is an estimate, not an installer quote.
Confidence
Medium
Planning estimate only — not an installer quote, engineering design, or tax advice.
Payback uses gross system cost before verified incentives, financing fees, batteries, and roof work.
Annual usage: 10,800 kWh
Annual production target: 10,800 kWh
State rate: 29.75 cents/kWh
Export assumption: Partial export credit
Direct solar use: 5,940 kWh
Modeled exports: 4,860 kWh
Panel count view
15-19 panels
Estimate shape
Privacy note: the printable report link stores estimate inputs in the URL, including ZIP and usage or bill values. Keep it private if those details are sensitive.
Review one assumption at a time. Each tool explains its inputs and limits; a planning result is not a roof design or installer quote.
Monthly shape comes from the PVWatts AC reference model, scaled to this annual estimate. Losses are already included. This is a seasonal planning illustration, not a roof or ZIP model. Monthly balances do not measure imports, exports or bill credits; those need interval matching and tariff rules.
Consumption repeats the entered monthly average. Enter 12 months above to see seasonal demand.
| Month | Usage | Production | Production − usage | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 900 | 575 | -325 | |
| Feb | 900 | 644 | -256 | |
| Mar | 900 | 910 | +10 | |
| Apr | 900 | 996 | +96 | |
| May | 900 | 1,111 | +211 | |
| Jun | 900 | 1,142 | +242 | |
| Jul | 900 | 1,187 | +287 | |
| Aug | 900 | 1,124 | +224 | |
| Sep | 900 | 1,031 | +131 | |
| Oct | 900 | 868 | -32 | |
| Nov | 900 | 667 | -233 | |
| Dec | 900 | 545 | -355 | |
| Annual usage | 10,800 | 10,800 | 0 |
Local scenarios
Compare a few assumptions without creating an account.
Saved scenarios stay in this browser only and may include ZIP, bill, and usage inputs. SolarCalcNow does not sync them or send those values to analytics.
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Confidence drivers
Expected production: 10,800 kWh
System loss: 14%
Export value: Partial export credit
Direct solar use: 5,940 kWh
Modeled exports: 4,860 kWh
State production default: 1,595 kWh/kW/year
EIA Electric Power Monthly, Table 5.6.A — August 2026 - 2026-10-25
NLR PVWatts V8 · author-selected reference point - 2026-11-02
EnergySage marketplace + SolarCalcNow cost scenario - 2026-10-25
Production evidence: full PVWatts responses were retained for 10 reference points on November 2, 2026. Illinois and Pennsylvania still use the disclosed authored assumptions; the provider quota prevented their verification. Each input retains its own source and review date.
$0.2975/kWh
29.75 ¢/kWh
EIA Table 5.6.A, August 2026 residential column; published October 23, 2026. Divide the published cents/kWh by 100. This preliminary statewide average is a fallback, not your utility tariff. Use your bill's energy-only rate; fixed charges remain payable.
1,595.2 kWh/kW/year
kWh/kW/year
PVWatts V8 typical-weather model at an author-selected reference point in the state: 4 kW DC, roof mount, 20° tilt, 180° azimuth, 14% system losses. Annual AC kWh ÷ 4 gives kWh/kW/year. Losses are already included and are not deducted again. Neither a statewide average nor a ZIP or roof survey. Shade and ±10% production bounds are separate author scenarios.
$2.02–$3.02/W
$2.52/W × 0.8…1.2
EnergySage's state marketplace average, table retrieved October 25, 2026; individual quote dates are not supplied. We calculate an author-selected range of average × 0.8 to average × 1.2, rounded to cents/W. This ±20% scenario is not an observed price distribution or confidence interval. Cash solar only, before incentives; compare like-for-like local quotes.
SolarCalcNow provides planning estimates only. Results are not installer quotes, engineering designs, tax advice, financing recommendations, or utility interconnection approval.
Optional next step
Your estimate stays visible. This form is optional and uses explicit consent.
Installer quote matching is not active yet. You can still calculate, save, and print your estimate before contacting installers directly.
For a home using 900 kWh per month in California, the default planning estimate is a 6.8 kW system with 15-19 panels at 400 W each, producing about 10,800 kWh per year and needing roughly 411 sq ft of roof. Estimated gross cost is $13,676-$20,447 before incentives, with simple payback of 6.0 years-9.0 years. The estimate uses EIA Electric Power Monthly, Table 5.6.A — August 2026 (updated 2026-10-25) and NLR PVWatts V8 · author-selected reference point (updated 2026-11-02).
SolarCalcNow provides planning estimates only. Results are not installer quotes, engineering designs, tax advice, financing recommendations, or utility interconnection approval.
Worked scenarios, not measured households
900 kWh/month · 400 W
Author-created California scenarios using the current source snapshots, low shade and no incentives. Except for the variable shown, inputs stay fixed: 100% annual energy target, 55% direct use and export at 35% of retail. Compare your utility and roof before using the result.
| Changed input | Calculated output |
|---|---|
| 350 W | 20 Likely panel count |
| 400 W | 17 Likely panel count |
| 450 W | 16 Likely panel count |
The sizing target uses continuous DC kW; panel count rounds up. Actual module dimensions, setbacks and roof planes can change the layout. The 21 ft² per panel × 1.15 spacing model is an author assumption, not a building-code clearance.
Calculated baseline
Panel counts below change with panel wattage. Compare 350W, 400W, and 450W presets if your installer quote uses a different module rating.
| State | System | Panels | Gross cost | Payback |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| California | 6.8 kW | 15-19 | $13,676-$20,447 | 6.0 years-9.0 years |
| Texas | 6.6 kW | 15-19 | $11,896-$17,844 | 9.8 years-14.7 years |
| Massachusetts | 8.3 kW | 19-23 | $19,211-$28,817 | 8.2 years-12.4 years |
Panel count depends on annual usage, target offset, local solar production, system losses, and panel wattage. A 400W panel is a good default, but many modern systems use panels above or below that number.
SolarCalcNow gives a panel range because roof layout, setbacks, shade, and installer equipment can move the final count by a few panels.
Same calculator engine with a different starting assumption. Useful before comparing installer quotes.
Monthly usage presets
Panel wattage presets
State calculators
FAQ
Higher-wattage panels can produce the same system size with fewer panels, though roof layout and product availability still matter.
Not always. Utility export rates, net metering, roof space, and budget can make 80% or 120% offset more or less attractive.
Obstructions reduce available space and may prevent the target panel count from fitting. A designer may choose higher-wattage modules, a different layout or a smaller system; extra panels do not create more usable roof area.
After calculating, save the estimate assumptions, check incentive status, and compare installer quotes against the same baseline.